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FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 170

Wine and Beer in Western Culture

Lecture Outline

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Lecture 1 - Worldwide Alcohol Use

Objectives for today

* Outline course policies

* Begin to build definitions of terms

* Discuss where wine and beers are produced

* Discover who drinks various alcoholic beverages

Definitions

* Beverage alcohol- ethanol, a 2 carbon alcohol CH3CH2OH

- only from fermentation of sugars to produce ethanol; industrial ethanol is NOT legal

* Alcoholic fermentation- biological process where yeast enzymes convert sugar to ethanol + carbon dioxide and heat in a series of metabolic reactions

- process occurs in absence of O2; it is an anaerobic process

- only yeast can produce high enough levels of alcohol to make wine or beer

* Enology- study of wine making

* Brewing- the process of making beer/ale

* Wine- beverage made when yeast converts the sugar in grape juice to alcohol

* Beer- beverage made from grains; starch is converted to sugar, then fermented by yeast

Regions for wine and beer making

* Grapes are a temperate crop- require cold dormant period and warm summers

* Grains tolerate colder weather than grapes; historically larger region for beer production

Top 5 World wine producers (billion gallons) (Wine Institute 1999)

1 France 1.59

2 Italy 1.53

3 Spain 0.86

4 USA 0.53 (includes ~ 50 percent of the volume of "wine coolers": 0.11)

5 Argentina 0.42

World wine drinkers gallons per capita (from Wine Institute)

COUNTRY 2001 % change from (1997-2000)

1 Luxembourg 59.22 -3.70%

2 France 57.17 -4.28%

3 Italy 52.92 -2.45%

4 Portugal 46.74 -5.72%

5 Croatia 43.2 -8.48%

35 United States 8.77 9.63%

58 China 0.87 52.88%

66 Mexico 0.17 10.75%

Top 7 World wide Beer Producers (1999) (World Advertising Research Center 2002)

1 USA 23.7 million liters

2 China 18.5

3 Germany 11.3

4 Brazil 8.0

5 Japan 7.2

6 Mexico 5.7

7 UK 5.5

World´s top 10 beer producers in 2005 (million hectoliters / year) (Barth report 2004-05)

1 InBev Belgium 206

2 SAB/Miller South Africa/USA/GB 177

3 Anheuser-Busch America 164

4 Heineken Netherlands 120

5 Carlsberg Denmark 99

6 Molson/Coors Canada/USA 60

7 Scottish & Newcastle Great Britain 50

8 Modelo Mexico 43

9 Tsing Tao Group China 38

10 BBH Russia 37

In 2004 the world’s ten largest brewing groups produced nearly 60 percent of the entire beer market. The top 40 breweries in the world now account for over 85% of global beer output.

Top Beer Consuming Countries (liters per capita) (World Advertising Research Center ’02)

* 1 Czech Republic 160

* 2 Ireland 153

* 3 Germany 126

* 4 Austria 108

* 5 Luxembourg 108

* 8 UK 95

Beer Production in USA from 1870-1970 (Historical Statistics of US, Gov. Printing Office)

* 1870 6.6 million Barrels1 (1 Barrel= 31 gallons)

* 1900 39.5

* 1910 59.5

* 1920 9.2

* 1930 3.7

* 1940 54.9

* 1970 134.7

Alcoholic beverage use in the USA (adapted from Wine Spectator and World Drink Trends)